Laboratories

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

At the Medieval Archaeology Laboratory of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona studies of materials and human remains from different archaeological sites can be carried out.

The laboratory is equiped with several instruments such as the Laser Aider Profiler, a tool that allows us to draw archaeological material efficiently and accurately. In addition, it is equipped with an integrated camera to complement the archaeological illustrations with high resolution images of ceramics.

Furthermore, there is a microscopy equipment consisting of a trinocular microscope Optika B-383POL with Optika C-B18+ mpx camera with 16 Mp CMOS colour sensor and a stereoscope with triple magnification factor and integrated digital camera Optika SFX-91D. The microscopy equipment is used for different purposes: to study ceramic paste compositions and characterize stone materials.

Finally, the laboratory has equipment for field work such as drones, optical levels, GPSs and all the necessary tools to carry out archaeological excavations.

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Universidad de Granada

Within the Department of Medieval History and Historiographic Sciences at the University of Granada, the Archaeological Material Analysis Laboratory stands as a pivotal hub for scholarly investigation. Here, rigorous research converges with historical inquiry, shaping our understanding of the past.

MEDGREENREV finds its home within these walls. The laboratory’s core mission revolves around the meticulous examination and analysis of diverse archaeological materials:

  • Ceramics: These fragments of ancient pottery reveal insights into vanished medieval societies —shapes, glazes, and imprints hinting at daily life and trade networks.
  • Osseous Remains (Primarily Fauna): Bones, teeth, and antlers silently chronicle epochs gone by. Fauna remnants offer clues about ecosystems, human-animal interactions, and dietary practices.
  • Metal Artifacts: Rusty nails, ornate brooches, and domestic tools—all carry historical weight. Our experts scrutinize these metallic remnants, tracing their origins and significance.
  • Carpological Finds: Seeds, grains, and plant fragments—tiny capsules preserved in soil. Through carpology, we reconstruct ancient diets, agricultural practices, and environmental shifts.

Amidst microscopes and scholarly discourse, this unassuming laboratory breathes life into medieval history, being one of the first steps within the MEDGREENREV project.

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Universität Basel

The laboratories at the Universität Basel are managed by the Research Group Quaternary Geology. The laboratories include: a Thin Section Laboratory, The Speleothem Archive, Digital Image Analysis Laboratory, Sample Preparation Laboratories and Stable Isotope Laboratory.

Thin Section Laboratory

The thin section lab is equipped to produce a wide variety of high-quality polished thin and thick sections. The lab is equipped with a wide range of instruments for thin section preparation, including slab saws, trim saws, grinders, epoxy impregnation stations, lapping machines, and polishing machines. Sections from soft sediments, hard rocks, minerals and soils can be produced.

Cutting

  • Brotlab Cutting and Slabbing Saw, diamond discs ranging from 300 mm to 500 mm in diameter
  • Lortone TS10-C Trim Saw
  • Metkon Servocut 301-MA Thin section Cut-Off and Trim Saw
  • IsoMet Low Speed Precision Cutter
  • 2 x Presi Precision Diamond Wire Saws
  • 1 x Diamond WireTec Diamond Wire Saw 250E

Grinding

  • 2 x BrotLab Lapping Machine
  • Logitech LP50 Lapper/Polisher

Polishing

  • Brotlab Polishing Machine
  • 4 x Struers Polishing Machine

The Speleothem Archive

All samples are archived in the large (55 m2) speleothem archive, where sample slabs can be displayed and sorted for subsequent sampling. In this room, the caving equipment is stored and maintained.

Digital Image Analysis Laboratory

The group has a Keyence Digital Microscope VHX-7000 (4k) and VHX-S770E motorized stage to take images of stalagmites and thin sections. Digital Image analysis allows us to measure the thickness of annual growth bands and distribution of fluid inclusions within a stalagmite. 

Sample Preparation Laboratories

Samples for stable isotope analysis are prepared in a special laboratory, which are equipped with various micromills and balances.

  • Mettler Toledo Microbalances
  • 3 Sherline Digital Micromills & Elemental Scientific Micro Mill2
  • Fume Hood

Stable Isotope Laboratory

The new state-off-the-art isotope Laboratory (BaQUIL) was established in 2019 and consists of:

  • Thermo Scientific Delta Plus and GasBench II for stable isotope analysis on calcites
  • Thermo Scientific Delta Ray & Autosampler
  • Picarro L2140-i for stable isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions
  • Picarro L2130-i for stable isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions
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University of York

BioArCh has a unique concentration of expertise in bioarchaeology, with internationally recognised strengths in the analysis of human, animal, and plant remains and molecular techniques - proteins, lipids, DNA, and stable isotopes. We have dedicated laboratories for Archaeobotany, Archaeological chemistry, light stable isotopes, Paleogenomics, Paleoproteomics, zooarchaeology, Imaging and wear Analysis, and a suite of state-of-the-art instrumentation for various analyses. Our BioArCh centre is also strongly linked with the Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry.

Some of the facilities available for work undertaken as part of the MEDGREENREV project are detailed below, but for further information regarding the full breadth of our available resources please refer to the website: https://www.york.ac.uk/archaeology/research/research-centres/bioarch/facilities/.

Organic residue analysis

We have extensive facilities for the chemical characterisation of organic materials associated with archaeological artefacts, skeletal remains and sediments.

This includes a dedicated organic chemistry lab for sample processing, extraction and derivatization of compounds prior to instrument analysis.

Our instruments are housed across three laboratories and include:

  • Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID)
  • Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)
  • Agilent 7890A GC/FID/MSD
  • Perkin Elmer Clarus 690 GC coupled to a SQ8-T Mass Spectrometer
  • Agilent 7890B GC coupled to an Agilent 5975C MSD and via a combustion unit (Isoprime GC5) to an Isoprime 100 IRMS
  • Two Thermo Delta plus, each coupled to a Thermo Trace 1310 GC for Amino Acid and compound specific isotope analysis
  • FTIR (Bruker Alpha) with ATR attachment (Bruker platinum) for quick and minimally destructive structural analysis of archaeological specimens including bone, seeds and shell

Additional facilities for archaeological chemistry including access to high resolution mass spectrometry are available at the Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry.

Stable Isotope analysis

We routinely conduct bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) on a diverse range of organic samples.

This includes bone (collagen), tooth (dentine), hair and fur (keratin) and also deposits such as charred food crusts from ceramic vessels and archaeological plant remains. We also have facilities for analysing oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H/D) in organic material to inform on mobility.

We are also one of the few archaeological laboratories in the UK currently processing and analysing carbon and nitrogen isotopes of single amino acids from collagen (compound-specific isotope analysis); a relatively new technique to archaeology which provides higher resolution information on past diet than bulk analysis alone.

Sercon EA-IRMS

  • Sercon PyroEArth preparation unit fitted with combination pyrolysis furnace (C/N/S/O/H analysis)
  • Open carousel autosampler with 3 x 47 position sample trays
  • Sercon continuous flow HS2022 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer with universal
  • Faraday triple collectors (C,N,S,O) and additional single Faraday collector for m/z 3 (H)
  • Sercon μCarbs for carbonates analysis

Thermo Delta V Plus and Thermo Trace GC

  • The Thermo Delta V Plus IRMS is coupled to a Thermo Flash IRMS Elemental Analyser and a Thermo Trace GC and GC ISOLINK II via a CONFLO IV interface.
  • Flash used for CNS analysis of bulk collagen and other solids (food crusts, plant material etc.).
  • This system is also used for determining 13C in single amino acids in CG-c-IRMS mode and 15N in single amino acids.

aDNA

BioArCh is home to a purpose-built palaeogenomic laboratory to recover ancient DNA from archaeological and historic specimens, following rigorous methodologies.

We routinely conduct ancient DNA extraction from various archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological remains. The types of samples analysed include: human and animal bones and teeth, plant and seed remains, wood and soil organic matter, coprolites. We also have a PCR lab that is used to amplify and characterise DNA fragments.

Ancient DNA Laboratory

  • Positive Pressure Filtered Ventilation System
  • UV-Irradiation System
  • Dremel Rotary Tools
  • Retsch Mixer Mill MM200
  • Esco Airstream Biological Safety Cabinets
  • Erlab Captair Ductless Fume Hood
  • Invitrogen Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer
  • UVP DNA Crosslinker
  • Thermal Cyclers (used only for preparation of high-throughput sequencing DNA libraries): Techne TC-412, Applied Biosystems

PCR Laboratory

  • Agilent 4150 TapeStation
  • Applied Biosystems Veriti Thermal Cycler
  • Applied Biosystems ProFlex PCR System
  • Applied Biosystems MiniAmp Thermal Cycler
  • Gel Rigs/Visualisation Equipment connected to the computer

 

*Photographs courtesy of York University

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University of Reading

The laboratory facilities in the School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science at the University of Reading include spaces for processing and sampling cores for soil/sediment characterisation, sedaDNA, palynology and geochemical analyses, the Microanalysis Preparation Unit (MPU) and microscopy. The MPU prepares and polishes thin sections of soils and sediments, ceramics, building materials, geological materials and bone.  The MPU has a workshop space and a precision finishing space, and the equipment comprises:

  • Resin impregnation systems
  • Buehler Delta Cutrock
  • Abrasimet 250
  • Logitech GTS1
  • Isomet
  • BROT grinding machine
  • Kemtech III precision lapping and polishing machine
  • Buehler surface flattening wheel

Facilities in the Chemical Analytical Facility and Electron Microscopy Lab include FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and SEM.

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